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In order to optimize the geometric parameters of cutting edge for finishing machining of 30Cr2Ni4MoV (30Cr) alloy steel, a 2D finite element (FE) model of orthogonal cutting has been built with FE software AdvantEdge. The optimized methodology of cutting edge geometric parameters has been proposed based on simulated results. Then, the geometric parameters of cutting edge have been optimized based on a comprehensive criterion combining chip deformation coefficient and tool stress. The chip deformation coefficient indirectly determines the surface roughness and tool stress determines tool wear, which affect the dimensional precision of parts. The range of rake angle is selected from 12° to 20° and the range of cutting edge radius is selected from 12μm to 20μm in the optimization process. The optimal rake angle for finishing machining 30Cr alloy steel is 16° and the optimal cutting edge radius is 14μm with given relief angle of 7°.