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A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is presented in the framework of Consistent Particle Method (CPM). The 3D gradient and Laplacian operators are derived based on Taylor series expansion, achieving good accuracy and largely alleviating the problem of spurious pressure fluctuation. Validated by our experimental study of water sloshing under rotational excitation, this model is shown to be robust and accurate in long time simulation of violent free surface flows which involve fluid merging and splitting.

Particle method, Three-dimensional, Sloshing, Rotational Excitation