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After encountering strong seismic dynamic impacts, the subway network must be restored to its original location post earthquake. This feature is one of the most important and unique features of the subway network, which emphasizes seismic resilience design and evaluation more than other engineering systems. However, the current seismic design of subway systems only focuses on the seismic dynamic safety of a single underground structure, without considering the overall seismic performance of the entire subway network. Obviously, this static and local seismic design thinking is absolutely insufficient for the long-term operation safety of the subway network system. Therefore, in order to comprehensively grasp the global seismic resilience of the subway network, this study establishes a stochastic seismic motion model considering the seismic geological conditions of the site where the subway network is located. On this basis, the seismic dynamic safety performance of underground structures is grasped from the perspective of dynamic reliability by combining nonlinear stochastic dynamics methods and first passage theory. Furthermore, based on Graph Theory and the recursive decomposition algorithm of network reliability analysis, the global seismic dynamic reliability of the subway network is evaluated. Finally, based on the theory of optimal reliability allocation in the network, the optimal recovery strategy for the subway network after an earthquake is established. This study provides a theoretical reference for the long-term seismic resilience assessment of subway networks.