This paper establishes a 3D meso-scale model of ceramic ball aggregated ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete to investigates its dynamic performance subjected to high-velocity projectile impact. First, based on the spatial octahedral random growth algorithm and the local background grid method, the finite element models of random ceramic ball aggregates and concrete matrix are generated. The numerical results of ceramic ball aggregated ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete specimens under uniaxial compression and high-velocity projectile impact are then compared with the test results to verify the reliability of the meso-scale models. With the validated meso-scale models, effects of shape, size, and volumetric content of ceramic balls on the anti-penetration resistance of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete targets are explored.