The human annulus fibrosus (HAF) is the major component in response to external forces for the intervertebral disc, which maintains the stability and flexibility of spine. It can be assumed as anisotropic hyperelastic composite consists of collagen fibers and ground substance. In this paper, the nearly incompressible composite-based constitutive model considering the shear interaction between fibers and matrix is developed to describe the mechanical behavior of HAF. This model makes up for the defect that the “classical” decoupled constitutive model cannot accurately predict the orientation change of the collagen fibers. In the numerical analysis with the conventional Finite Element Method (FEM), the geometric complexity and material nonlinearity of HAF often lead to difficulties in mesh generation and uncertainty in accuracy control. Therefore, based on the gradient smoothing technique, the selective 3D-edge-based and node-based smoothed finite element method (Selective 3DES/NS-FEM) using the simplest four-node tetrahedral (T4) elements is proposed to undertake the numerical simulations. For large deformation of HAF, the selective smoothed FE model considering the fiber-matrix shear interaction is applied into the explicit dynamic analysis. By comparing with the experiment data and numerical results in the literatures, the approach proposed in this study is proved to be accurate and effective in predicting the mechanical behavior in HAF, as well as the orientation change of the collagen fibers. Besides, compared with the numerical results also produced by finite element software ABAQUS, the Selective S-FEM is demonstrated to possess better capability in handling element distortion especially in large deformation of HAF.