Reliably predicting the impact damage tolerance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites (CFRP) is critical to extending the application of this material. However, no consistent rule and proven scaling law have been established due to the complex damage mechanisms and diverse physical parameters. In this study, impact tests, with a wide range of impact energy (from 4.1 J to 548.4 J), were performed to find out the influence of the impactor mass and dimension on the impact performance of CFRP laminates. The impact process and inter-laminar damage were acquired by high-speed photography and ultrasonic c-scanning techniques, respectively. Simultaneously, a validated numerical model was established to analyzing the effect of impactor mass and dimension separately. Results demonstrated that the impactor dimension affects the penetration and delamination mode of CFRP laminates, while the projectile mass is associated with the dynamic deformation of CFRP targets.